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GRAMMAR & STRUCTURE
Program ini dirancang khusus bagi Anda yang mempunyai kesulitan dalam menyusun kalimat bahasa Inggris yang baik dan benar sesuai dengan kondisi nyata. Selain itu, program ini juga lebih fokus pada pengetahuan dasar tentang variasi dalam kalimat bahasa Inggris serta menekankan pada aspek latihan yang sangat bervariasi.
Materi Program:

* Parts of speech (pengenalan jenis kata)
* Simple sentence (membuat kalimat sederhana)
* Tenses (membuat kalimat yang disesuaikan dengan waktu)
* Passive voice (membuat kalimat aktif & pasive)

Direct and Indirect Speech
When using indirect or reported speech, the form changes. Usually indirect speech is introduced by the verb said, as in I said, Bill said, or they said. Using the verb say in this tense, indicates that something was said in the past. In these cases, the main verb in the reported sentence is put in the past. If the main verb is already in a past tense, then the tense changes to another past tense; it can almost be seen as moving even further into the past.

Verb tense changes also characterize other situations using indirect speech. Note the changes shown in the chart and see the table below for examples. With indirect speech, the use of that is optional.


Direct Speech Þ Indirect Speech
simple present
He said, “I go to school every day.” Þ simple past
He said (that) he went to school every day.
simple past
He said, “I went to school every day.” Þ past perfect
He said (that) he had gone to school every day.
present perfect
He said, “I have gone to school every day.” Þ past perfect
He said (that) he had gone to school every day.
present progressive
He said, “I am going to school every day.” Þ past progressive
He said (that) he was going to school every day.
past progressive
He said, “I was going to school every day.” Þ perfect progressive
He said (that) he had been going to school every day,
future (will)
He said, “I will go to school every day.” Þ would + verb name
He said (that) he would go to school every day.
future (going to)
He said, “I am going to school every day.” Þ present progressive
He said (that) he is going to school every day.
past progressive
He said (that) he was going to school every day
Direct Speech Þ Indirect Speech
auxiliary + verb name
He said, “Do you go to school every day?”
He said, “Where do you go to school?” Þ simple past
He asked me if I went to school every day.*
He asked me where I went to school.
imperative
He said, “Go to school every day.” Þ infinitive
He said to go to school every day.

*Note than when a Yes/No question is being asked in direct speech, then a construction with if or whether is used. If a WH question is being asked, then use the WH to introduce the clause. Also note that with indirect speech, these are examples of embedded questions.
The situation changes if instead of the common said another part of the very to say is used. In that case the verb tenses usually remain the same. Some examples of this situation are given below.

Direct Speech Þ Indirect Speech
simple present + simple present
He says, “I go to school every day.” Þ simple present + simple present
He says (that) he goes to school every day.
present perfect + simple present
He has said, “I go to school every day.” Þ present perfect + simple present
He has said (that) he goes to school every day.
past progressive + simple past
He was saying, “I went to school every day.” Þ past progressive + simple past
He was saying (that) he went to school every day.
past progressive + past perfect
He was saying (that) he had gone to school every day.
future + simple present
He will say, “I go to school every day.” Þ future + simple present
He will say (that) he goes to school every day.

Another situation is the one in which modal constructions are used. If the verb said is used, then the form of the modal, or another modal that has a past meaning is used.

Direct Speech Þ Indirect Speech
can
He said, “I can go to school every day.” Þ could
He said (that) he could go to school every day.
may
He said, “I may go to school every day.” Þ might
He said (that) he might go to school every day.
might
He said, “I might go to school every day.”
must
He said, “I must go to school every day.” Þ had to
He said (that) he had to go to school every day.
have to
He said, “I have to go to school every day.”
should
He said, “I should go to school every day.” Þ should
He said (that) he should go to school every day.
ought to
He said, “I ought to go to school every day.” Þ ought to
He said (that) he ought to go to school every day.

While not all of the possibilities have been listed here, there are enough to provide examples of the main rules governing the use of indirect or reported speech. For other situations, try to extrapolate from the examples here, or better still, refer to a good grammar text or reference book.

The Adjective Clause Recognize an adjective clause when you see one.

An adjective clause—also called an adjectival or relative clause—will meet three requirements:

* First, it will contain a subject and verb.
* Next, it will begin with a relative pronoun [who, whom, whose, that, or which] or a relative adverb [when, where, or why].
* Finally, it will function as an adjective, answering the questions What kind? How many? or Which one?

The adjective clause will follow one of these two patterns:

relative pronoun or adverb + subject + verb
relative pronoun as subject + verb

Here are some examples:

Whose big, brown eyes pleaded for another cookie
Whose = relative pronoun; eyes = subject; pleaded = verb.
Why Fred cannot stand sitting across from his sister Melanie
Why = relative adverb; Fred = subject; can stand = verb [not, an adverb, is not officially part of the verb].
That bounced across the kitchen floor
That = relative pronoun functioning as subject; bounced = verb.
Who hiccupped for seven hours afterward
Who = relative pronoun functioning as subject; hiccupped = verb.

Avoid writing a sentence fragment.

An adjective clause does not express a complete thought, so it cannot stand alone as a sentence. To avoid writing a fragment, you must connect each adjective clause to a main clause. Read the examples below. Notice that the adjective clause follows the word that it describes.

Diane felt manipulated by her beagle Santana, whose big, brown eyes pleaded for another cookie.
Chewing with her mouth open is one reason why Fred cannot stand sitting across from his sister Melanie.
Growling ferociously, Oreo and Skeeter, Madison's two dogs, competed for the hardboiled egg that bounced across the kitchen floor.
Laughter erupted from Annamarie, who hiccupped for seven hours afterward.

Punctuate an adjective clause correctly.

Punctuating adjective clauses can be tricky. For each sentence, you will have to decide if the adjective clause is essential or nonessential and then use commas accordingly.
Essential clauses do not require commas. An adjective clause is essential when you need the information it provides. Look at this example:

The vegetables that people leave uneaten are often the most nutritious.

Vegetables is nonspecific. To know which ones we are talking about, we must have the information in the adjective clause. Thus, the adjective clause is essential and requires no commas.
If, however, we eliminate vegetables and choose a more specific noun instead, the adjective clause becomes nonessential and does require commas to separate it from the rest of the sentence. Read this revision:

Broccoli, which people often leave uneaten, is very nutritious.

Modal Verb Tutorial
Modals are special verbs which behave very irregularly in English. Englishpage.com has created one of the most in-depth modal tutorials in print or online. Study the modal explanations and complete the associated exercises and take another step toward English fluency. If you want to use the Modal Verb Tutorial as a reference only and do not want to complete the tutorial Click Here .

The tutorial should be completed as follows:
1. Read this introduction page including the section below titled "What are Modal Verbs?"
2. Complete the exercises below. After each exercise, we have listed the modals covered. Just click on the modal link to learn more about its use.
EXERCISES TOPICS COVERED
Modal Exercise 1 Can , Could , Have to , Must , Might and Should
Modal Exercise 2 Have to and Must
Modal Exercise 3 Might , Must and Should . Afterwards, you can repeat the exercise using Could , Have to and Ought to
Modal Exercise 4 Couldn't and Might not
Modal Exercise 5 Have got to , Had Better , May and Shall
Modal Exercise 6 Could , Might , Should and Would
Modal Exercise 7 Modal Verbs Forms
Modal Final Test Cumulative Modal Test
What are Modal Verbs?
Modal verbs are special verbs which behave very differently from normal verbs. Here are some important differences:
1. Modal verbs do not take "-s" in the third person.
Examples:

* He can speak Chinese.
* She should be here by 9:00.

2. You use "not" to make modal verbs negative, even in Simple Present and Simple Past.
Examples:

* He should not be late.
* They might not come to the party.

3. Many modal verbs cannot be used in the past tenses or the future tenses.
Examples:

* He will can go with us. Not Correct
* She musted study very hard. Not Correct

Common Modal Verbs
Can
Could
May
Might
Must Ought to
Shall
Should
Will
Would
For the purposes of this tutorial, we have included some expressions which are not modal verbs including had better, have to, and have got to. These expressions are closely related to modals in meaning and are often interchanged with them.

Simple past tense
Simple Past Tense digunakan untuk fakta-fakta atau peristiwa-peristiwa yang terjadi di masa lampau. Contoh:

* I played tennis with some guys from work yesterday.
* We stayed in Shanghai for five days.

Kata kerja simple past tense (kata kerja bentuk ke-2) yang reguler dibentuk dengan menambahkan “-ed” pada akhiran kata kerja. Contoh:

* jump -> jumped: The dog jumped over the fence.
* walk -> walked: I walked 22 kilometers yesterday.
* work -> worked: We worked together as lawyers for 15 years.

Kegunaan
Simple past tense digunakan untuk menyatakan sebuah tindakan yang telah selesai dilakukan. Contoh:

* We watched a movie at the weekend (kami menonton film di akhir pekan)
* She arrived on Thursday (dia tiba hari Kamis)

DECLARATION OF ENTITLEMENT

INDUSTRIAL DESIGN APPLICATION
COPYABLE




DECLARATION OF ENTITLEMENT



Pursuant to the provisions of the Industrial Design Law No. 31 / 2000 Article 11, and in support of the application for an industrial design entitled:
Sesuai dengan ketentuan Undang-undang Desain Industri No. 31 / 2000, untuk mendukung pengajuan permintaan desain industri atas kreasi yang berjudul:



I/We* :
Saya / kami




Do hereby solemnly and sincerely declare as follows:
Bersama ini menyatakan dengan-sebenamya bahwa

[ ] I am / we are the rightful designer's) of the above creation.
Saya / kami adalah pendesain(2) yang sah dari pada kreasi di atas.

[ ] I am / we are the title holder (assignee) of the creation as per Assignment from the
designer(s) attached hereto. .
Saya / kami adalah pemegang hak atas kreasi tersebut di atas berdasarkan Akta Pengalihan
Hak terlampir bersama ini.

[ ] I am / we are authorized by **) :
Saya / kami diberi kuasa oleh

the applicant(s) for the industrial design to make this declaration on its / their behalf, as per
Authorisation / Statement of Consent / Deed attached hereto .
Pemohon / para pemohon yang mengajukan permintaan desain industri, untuk membuat
Pernyataan ini atas namanya / nama mereka seperti yang diuraikan dalam bukti Surat
Kuasa / Pernyataan Persetujuan / Akta terlampir.

All statements made herein of my / our knowledge are true and further these statements were made with the knowledge that willfull false statements and the like so made may jeopardize the validity of the application or mv / our industrial design granted therefrom
Pernyataan ini dibuat dengan sebenarnya, dan dengan kesadaran apabila keterangan-keterangan tersebut kemudian ternyata merupakan keterangan-keterangan palsu atau sejenisnya yang dibuat dengan sengaja maka permintaan atau desain industri yang diberikan dari permintaan saya/kami ini dapat diancam batal

Date / tanggal :
Signature / Tanda tangan :


Name(s) / Nama :
Title / Jabatan :

To be completed by the applicant, and no legalization is necessary
*) Details of the applicant/s making the declaration
**) Where a person being one of the designers or other than the actual designer/is the applicant.

Past Continuous
Quick example:

* What were you doing then?
* I was eating the dinner when someone knocked at the door.
* When he was sleeping, I was working hard
* I was wondering if you could help me.

We usually use The Past Continuous (Progressive) to talk about longer actions in progress in the past. The actions can be interruped by something ("He was reading when she arrived") or can be happening at the same some ("She was learning English when he was watching TV"). There are also two other uses.
Use

1. Actions in progress (in the past)
2. Interrupted actions in progress (in the past)
3. Actions in progress at the same time (in the past).
4. Irritation over something or somebody (in the past)
5. Timid / polite question

USE 1: Actions in progress We use the Past Continuous to express the idea that an action was in progress in the past.

Examples:

* I was watching TV yesterday in the evening.
* She was not crying.

USE 2: Interrupted actions in progress The Past Continuous is often used when one actions in progress is interruped by another action in the past. We usually use "when" to link these two actions. Sentences usually have this form:

[ Sentence in Past Continuous ] + WHEN + [Sentence in Past Simple ]

WHEN + [ Sentence in Past Continuous ] + [Sentence in Past Simple ]

or:

[ Sentence in Past Simple ] + WHEN + [ Sentence in Past Continuous ]

Examples:

* I was talking with James when the telephone rang.
* The plane crashed when Angelica was playing tennis.

Assignment (law)
An assignment (Latin cessio) is a term used with similar meanings in the law of contracts and in the law of real estate. In both instances, it encompasses the transfer of rights held by one party—the assignor—to another party—the assignee.[1] The legal nature of the assignment determines some additional rights and liabilities that accompany the act.
Continuing liability of assignor
Assignor remains liable unless there is an agreement to the contrary. An agreement must manifest intent to transfer rights, it may not necessarily be in writing, words will do, and the rights assigned must be certain. The effect of a valid assignment is to extinguish privity between the assignor and the obligor and create privity between the obligor and the assignee.
Assignment of contract rights
Assignment of rights under a contract is the complete transfer of the rights to receive the benefits accruing to one of the parties to that contract. For example, if Party A contracts with Party B to sell Party A's car to Party B for $10, Party A can later assign the benefits of the contract - i.e., the right to be paid $10 - to Party C. In this scenario, Party A is the obligee/assignor, Party B is an obligor, and Party C is the assignee. Such an assignment may be donative (essentially given as a gift), or it may be contractually exchanged for consideration. It is important to note, however, that Party C is not a third party beneficiary, because the contract itself was not made for the purpose of benefitting Party C. However an Assignment only transfers the rights/benefits to a new owner. The obligations remain with the previous owner. Compare Novation.
When assignment will be permitted
The common law favors the freedom of assignment, so an assignment will generally be permitted unless there is an express prohibition against assignment in the contract. Where assignment is thus permitted, the assignor need not consult the other party to the contract. An assignment cannot have any effect on the duties of the other party to the contract, nor can it reduce the possibility of the other party receiving full performance of the same quality. Certain kinds of performance, therefore, cannot be assigned, because they create a unique relationship between the parties to the contract. For example, if party A contracts to hire an attorney to represent her in a civil case for a fee of $1000, she cannot then assign her contractual right to legal representation to another party. Note however, that party A can assign her right to sue under the same claim she contracted with the attorney to pursue.

Wedding Invitation
The Lord is the source of love,
from Him flows out a love
producing the love and
faithfulness between two creatures,
and the will of Him also makes eternal this bond of love
[groom’s name]
[third] son of Mr. & Mrs. [names of his mother & father)
and
[bride’s name]
[single] daughter of [names of her mother & father)
Holy Matrimony :
[day], [date, month, year}
[time] […]

Future in the Past
FORM Would
[would + VERB]
Examples:

* I knew you would help him.
* I knew you would not help him.

FORM Was/Were Going To
[was/were + going to + VERB]
Examples:

* I knew you were going to go to the party.
* I knew you were not going to go to the party.

USE 1 Future in Past

Future in the Past is used to express the idea that in the past you thought something would happen in the future. It does not matter if you are correct or not. Future in the Past follows the same basic rules as the Simple Future. "Would" is used to volunteer or promise, and "was going to" is used to plan. Moreover, both forms can be used to make predictions about the future.
Examples:

* I told you he was going to come to the party. plan
* I knew Julie would make dinner. voluntary action
* Jane said Sam was going to bring his sister with him, but he came alone. plan
* I had a feeling that the vacation was going to be a disaster. prediction
* He promised he would send a postcard from Egypt. promise

REMEMBER No Future in Time Clauses
Like all future forms, Future in the Past cannot be used in clauses beginning with time expressions such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc. Instead of using Future in the Past, you must use Simple Past.
Examples:

* I already told Mark that when he would arrive, we would go out for dinner. Not Correct
* I already told Mark that when he arrived, we would go out for dinner. Correct

ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Examples:

* I knew John would finish the work by 5:00 PM. Active
* I knew the work would be finished by 5:00 PM. Passive

* I thought Sally was going to make a beautiful dinner. Active
* I thought a beautiful dinner was going to be made by Sally. Passive